07 CompletableFuture
Java 8 开始引入了
CompletableFuture，它针对 Future 做了改进，可以传入回调对象，当异步任务完成或者发生异常时，自动调用回调对象的回调方法。CompletableFuture 的优点是：- 异步任务结束时，会自动回调某个对象的方法；
- 异步任务出错时，会自动回调某个对象的方法；
- 主线程设置好回调后，不再关心异步任务的执行。
public class T {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建异步执行任务:
CompletableFuture<Double> cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(T::fetchPrice);
// 如果执行成功:
cf.thenAccept((result) -> {
System.out.println("price: " + result);
});
// 如果执行异常:
cf.exceptionally((e) -> {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
});
// 主线程不要立刻结束，否则CompletableFuture默认使用的线程池会立刻关闭:
Thread.sleep(2000);
}
static Double fetchPrice() {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (Math.random() < 0.3) {
throw new RuntimeException("fetch price failed!");
}
return 5 + Math.random() * 20;
}
}
除了实现了异步回调机制外，多个
CompletableFuture 可以串行执行。public class T {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 第一个任务:
CompletableFuture<String> cfQuery = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
return queryCode("中国石油");
});
// cfQuery成功后继续执行下一个任务:
CompletableFuture<Double> cfFetch = cfQuery.thenApplyAsync(T::fetchPrice);
// cfFetch成功后打印结果:
cfFetch.thenAccept((result) -> {
System.out.println("price: " + result);
});
// 主线程不要立刻结束，否则CompletableFuture默认使用的线程池会立刻关闭:
Thread.sleep(2000);
}
static String queryCode(String name) {
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
return "601857";
}
static Double fetchPrice(String code) {
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return 5 + Math.random() * 20;
}
}
除了串行执行外，多个
CompletableFuture 还可以并行执行。public class T {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 两个CompletableFuture执行异步查询:
CompletableFuture<String> cfQueryFromSina = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
return queryCode("中国石油", "https://finance.sina.com.cn/code/");
});
CompletableFuture<String> cfQueryFrom163 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
return queryCode("中国石油", "https://money.163.com/code/");
});
// 用anyOf合并为一个新的CompletableFuture:
CompletableFuture<Object> cfQuery = CompletableFuture.anyOf(cfQueryFromSina, cfQueryFrom163);
// 两个CompletableFuture执行异步查询:
CompletableFuture<Double> cfFetchFromSina = cfQuery.thenApplyAsync((code) -> {
return fetchPrice((String) code, "https://finance.sina.com.cn/price/");
});
CompletableFuture<Double> cfFetchFrom163 = cfQuery.thenApplyAsync((code) -> {
return fetchPrice((String) code, "https://money.163.com/price/");
});
// 用anyOf合并为一个新的CompletableFuture:
CompletableFuture<Object> cfFetch = CompletableFuture.anyOf(cfFetchFromSina, cfFetchFrom163);
// 最终结果:
cfFetch.thenAccept((result) -> {
System.out.println("price: " + result);
});
// 主线程不要立刻结束，否则CompletableFuture默认使用的线程池会立刻关闭:
Thread.sleep(2000);
}
static String queryCode(String name, String url) {
System.out.println("query code from " + url + "...");
try {
Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 1000));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "601857";
}
static Double fetchPrice(String code, String url) {
System.out.println("query price from " + url + "...");
try {
Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 1000));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return 5 + Math.random() * 20;
}
}
最近更新 10mo ago