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08 Spring Cloud Alibaba

创建统一的依赖管理
创建一个工程名为 spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies 的项目，pom.xml 配置文件如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.chanshiyu</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <name>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
​
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
​
        <!-- Spring Settings -->
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>
​
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Greenwich.SR2</version>
                <type>${spring-cloud.version}</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
​
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.chanshiyu.nacosprovider.NacosProviderApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
​
</project>
服务注册与发现
服务注册与发现使用 Nacas，直接启动即可。
​Nacos 官网​
​Nacos Github​
服务提供者
创建服务提供者
创建一个工程名为 spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-provider 的项目，pom.xml 配置文件如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.chanshiyu</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-provider</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-provider</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
​
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
​
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
​
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.chanshiyu.nacosprovider.NacosProviderApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
​
</project>
Application
通过 @EnableDiscoveryClient 注解表明是一个 Nacos 客户端，该注解是 Spring Cloud 提供的原生注解。
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class NacosProviderApplication {
​
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(NacosProviderApplication.class, args);
    }
​
}
application.yml
spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-provider
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
​
server:
  port: 8081
​
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'
测试服务
@RestController
public class NacosProviderController {
​
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String port;
​
    @GetMapping("/echo/{message}")
    public String echo(@PathVariable String message) {
        return String.format("Your message is %s and port is %s", message, port);
    }
​
}
服务消费者
使用 LoadBalanceClient 和 RestTemplate 结合的方式来访问。创建一个工程名为 spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-consumer 的项目，pom.xml 配置文件如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.chanshiyu</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-consumer</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-consumer</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
​
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
​
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
​
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.chanshiyu.nacosconsumer.NacosConsumerApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
​
</project>
Application
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class NacosConsumerApplication {
​
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(NacosConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }
​
}
application.yml
spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-consumer
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
​
server:
  port: 9091
​
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'
Configuration
@Configuration
public class NacosConsumerConfiguration {
​
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
​
}
测试服务
@RestController
public class NacosConsumerController {
​
    @Autowired
    private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;
​
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
​
    @Value("${spring.application.name}")
    private String appName;
​
    @GetMapping("/echo/app/name")
    public String echo() {
        // 使用 LoadBalanceClient 和 RestTemolate 结合的方式来访问
        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancerClient.choose("nacos-provider");
        String url = String.format("http://%s:%s/echo/%s", serviceInstance.getHost(), serviceInstance.getPort(), appName);
        return restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
    }
​
}
服务消费者（Feign）
创建服务消费者
创建一个工程名为 spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-consumer-feign 的项目，pom.xml 配置文件如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.chanshiyu</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-consumer-feign</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-consumer-feign</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
​
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
​
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
​
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.chanshiyu.nacosconsumerfeign.NacosConsumerFeignApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
​
</project>
Application
通过 @EnableFeignClients 注解开启 Feign 功能：
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class NacosConsumerFeignApplication {
​
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(NacosConsumerFeignApplication.class, args);
    }
​
}
application.yml
spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-consumer-feign
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        port: 8720
        dashboard: localhost:8080
​
server:
  port: 9092
​
feign:
  sentinel:
    enabled: true
​
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'
测试服务
创建 Service：
@FeignClient(value = "nacos-provider")
public interface NacosProviderService {
​
    @GetMapping("/echo/{message}")
    public String echo(@PathVariable String message);
​
}
创建 Controller：
@RestController
public class NacosProviderController {
​
    @Autowired
    private NacosProviderService nacosProviderService;
​
    @GetMapping("/echo/{message}")
    public String echo(@PathVariable String message) {
        return nacosProviderService.echo(message);
    }
​
}
熔断器
阿里巴巴开源了 Sentinel 组件，实现了熔断器模式，Spring Cloud 对这一组件进行了整合。
添加依赖
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>
application.yml
feign:
  sentinel:
    enabled: true
fallback
@Component
public class NacosProviderFallback implements NacosProviderService {
​
    @Override
    public String echo(String message) {
        return "请求失败！";
    }
}
service
@FeignClient(value = "nacos-provider", fallback = NacosProviderFallback.class)
public interface NacosProviderService {
​
    @GetMapping("/echo/{message}")
    public String echo(@PathVariable String message);
​
}
仪表盘监控
启动 sentinel 控制台。修改 application.yml，添加 sentinel 配置：
spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-consumer-feign
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        port: 8720
        dashboard: localhost:8080
路由网关
创建路由网关
创建一个工程名为 spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-gateway 的项目，pom.xml 配置文件如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.chanshiyu</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-gateway</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-cloud-alibaba-gateway</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
​
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
​
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
​
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.chanshiyu.gateway.GatewayApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
​
</project>
需要注意：
Spring Cloud Gateway 不使用 Web 作为服务器，而是 使用 WebFlux 作为服务器，Gateway 项目已经依赖了 starter-webflux，所以这里 千万不要依赖 starter-web
由于过滤器等功能依然需要 Servlet 支持，故这里还需要依赖 javax.servlet:javax.servlet-api
Application
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class GatewayApplication {
​
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GatewayApplication.class, args);
    }
​
}
application.yml
spring:
  application:
    name: spring-gateway
  cloud:
    # 使用 Naoos 作为服务注册发现
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
    # 使用 Sentinel 作为熔断器
    sentinel:
      transport:
        port: 8721
        dashboard: localhost:8080
    # 路由网关配置
    gateway:
      # 设置与服务注册发现组件结合，这样可以采用服务名的路由策略
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true
      # 配置路由规则
      routes:
        # 采用自定义路由 ID（有固定用法，不同的 id 有不同的功能，详见：https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-gateway/2.0.x/single/spring-cloud-gateway.html#gateway-route-filters）
        - id: NACOS-CONSUMER
          # 采用 LoadBalanceClient 方式请求，以 lb:// 开头，后面的是注册在 Nacos 上的服务名
          uri: lb://nacos-consumer
          # Predicate 翻译过来是“谓词”的意思，必须，主要作用是匹配用户的请求，有很多种用法
          predicates:
            # Method 方法谓词，这里是匹配 GET 和 POST 请求
            - Method=GET,POST
        - id: NACOS-CONSUMER-FEIGN
          uri: lb://nacos-consumer-feign
          predicates:
            - Method=GET,POST
​
server:
  port: 9000
​
feign:
  sentinel:
    enabled: true
​
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'
​
logging:
  level:
    org.springframework.cloud.gateway: debug
过滤器
@Component
public class AuthFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {
​
    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        String token = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst("token");
​
        if (token == null || token.isEmpty()) {
            ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
​
            // 封装错误信息
            Map<String, Object> responseData = Maps.newHashMap();
            responseData.put("code", 401);
            responseData.put("message", "非法请求");
            responseData.put("cause", "Token is empty");
​
            try {
                // 将信息转换为 JSON
                ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
                byte[] data = objectMapper.writeValueAsBytes(responseData);
​
                // 输出错误信息到页面
                DataBuffer buffer = response.bufferFactory().wrap(data);
                response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED);
                response.getHeaders().add("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8");
                return response.writeWith(Mono.just(buffer));
            } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
​
        // 传递给下一个过滤器
        return chain.filter(exchange);
    }
​
    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
    }
}
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